Bibliographic record
Abstract
Submillimeter astronomy was brought out of the dark ages and revolutionized by a single instrument: SCUBA. The range of discoveries, from the SCUBA galaxies through the evolutionary sequence of the star formation process to debris disks surrounding nearby stars, has meant that SCUBA is arguably the most successful ground-based instrument ever built. After eight years of pioneering work on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea, SCUBA was decommissioned in September 2005 to make way for its successor, SCUBA-2. Like SCUBA, SCUBA-2 is a dual-waveband camera working at the two wavelengths of 850 and 450μm. As SCUBA brought a 1000-fold increase in mapping speed over a single pixel detector, SCUBA-2 will bring another factor of 1000 to bear in its mission of a submillimeter mapping machine, with over 10,000 pixels in both arrays. SCUBA-2 will reach the confusion limit at 850μm in about an hour, enabling confusion-limited surveys of large sections of the sky to be undertaken efficiently for the first time at these submillimeter wavelengths. SCUBA-2 is a high-risk, high-reward international venture, costing some $20 million; it is currently undergoing verification testing in the labs at the UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Edinburgh, and will be delivered to the JCMT in autumn of 2006. SCUBA-2 is a major technology project and involves key partners at NIST (Boulder, USA) and the Universities of British Columbia (Canada), Waterloo (Canada), Cardiff (Wales), and Edinburgh (Scotland).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.027 | 0.045 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".