The central chemoreflex ventilatory response to carbon dioxide following acclimation to a hot environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies in non‐human mammals have shown that the chemosensitive areas on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata are temperature sensitive. We asked in this study if human chemosensitivity adapts to heat acclimation (HA) as do human thermoregulatory responses. We hypothesized HA would alter the central chemoreflex ventilatory response to CO 2 . Six male participants performed a hyperoxic modified Read re‐breathing test at a normothermic (NT) and hyperthermic (HT) esophageal temperature (T ES ) prior to and following a 10 day passive heat acclimation. Acclimation was confirmed by a decrease in the T ES threshold for eccrine sweating (E SW ) and temple cutaneaous blood velocity (CBV TEMPLE ) (E SW : 37.62°C ± 0.22 versus 37.22°C ± 0.25; p=0.01 and CBV TEMPLE : 37.43°C ± 0.16 versus 37.16°C ± 0.17; p=0.02). The pre‐acclimation P ET CO 2 ventilatory recruitment thresholds (NT: 46.50 mm Hg ± 1.90 and HT: 47.68 mm Hg ± 3.69) were not different than that observed post‐acclimation (NT: 47.08 mm Hg ± 1.89; p=0.310 and HT: 47.00 ± 2.86; p=0.259). Additionally, pre‐acclimation sensitivities of the central chemoreflex ventilatory response to CO 2 (NT: 3.18 L·min −1 ·mm Hg −1 ± 2.43 and HT: 4.03 L·min −1 ·mm Hg −1 ± 1.75) were unaffected (NT: 3.45 L·min −1 ·mm Hg −1 ± 2.01; p=0.267 and HT: 4.33 L·min −1 ·mm Hg −1 ± 2.00; p=0.225). In conclusion, the central chemoreflex ventilatory response to CO 2 did not appear to be modified by passive acclimation to a hot environment. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by grants from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes for Health Research (SafetyNet) and Canadian Foundation for Innovation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".