A Right-of-Way Stormwater Low Impact Development Practice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Road right-of-way can provide a good retrofit opportunity to implement stormwater low impact development (LID) technologies.In Canada and the northern United States, stormwater management should focus not only in summer and fall but also winter and spring.A stormwater exfiltration system was designed to manage stormwater over four seasons by retrofitting roads with two 200 mm perforated pipes with ends capped below a storm sewer system.The design concept is to direct road runoff of up to 15 mm rainfall to these two perforated pipes and fill the void space of the sewer trench for exfiltration to the surround soil at all times (i.e.including snowmelts and rainfalls during winter and the early spring seasons).In 1993, 2.5 km of this exfiltration system was constructed in Etobicoke, Toronto, and subsequent monitoring results indicated that a long duration rainfall, ≤28 mm over 22.5 h, was almost completely captured without overflowing to the storm sewer above.This paper presents the planning and design criteria, construction and maintenance, performance evaluation, and costs of this LID based on the Etobicoke application.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".