Isomers of Ge2N2: Production and infrared absorption of GeNNGe in solid N2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crystalline germanium was ablated with light at 532 nm from a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser, and the resultant plume reacted with N2 before deposition onto a substrate at 20 K. Multiple absorption lines at 891.8, 890.8, 890.4, 889.9, 889.4, 888.9, 888.4, 887.9, 887.5, and 887.0 cm−1 that become enhanced after annealing of the matrix at 31 K are attributed to a species containing two Ge atoms in their isotopic variants: Ge70, Ge72, Ge73, Ge74, and Ge76. Replacing N214 with a mixture of N214 and N215 yields an additional multiplet in the region 867.1–862.1 cm−1, whereas reaction of the same mixture subjected to microwave discharge yields a further multiplet in the region 878.9–874.0 cm−1. The isotopic pattern indicates that the vibrational mode is associated with a Ge–N stretching motion that involves two equivalent Ge atoms and two equivalent N atoms. Theoretical calculations with density-functional theories (B3LYP/6-311+G* and B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ) predict nine stable isomers of Ge2N2, with linear GeNNGe and asymmetric angular Ge(GeNN) having the least energies. Among calculated vibrational wave numbers, IR intensities, and isotopic shifts for all isomers of Ge2N2, only those predicted for the asymmetric Ge–N stretching mode of linear GeNNGe fit satisfactorily with experimental results. GeNNGe is likely formed from direct reaction of Ge2 and N2 rather than from two-step reactions involving GeNN or GeN.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".