Modeling CFC inventories and formation rates of Labrador Sea Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A high‐resolution model of the North Atlantic Ocean is used to examine the potential of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) inventories for calculating the rate of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) formation. While the simulated CFC‐11 inventory and its geographical distribution in 1997 is fairly similar to observations, the model indicates pronounced variations in the history of CFC uptake, reflecting pulsations in LSW renewal in response to changes in wintertime atmospheric conditions. The LSW formation rate based on the volume of newly homogenized water during a winter season varies between 0 Sv and 11 Sv, and it is correlated (with a lag of 1 year) with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index. The CFC‐based estimate of the mean LSW formation rate is 3.5–4.4 Sv, approximately representing the mean volumetric formation rate (4.3 Sv) for the period 1970–1997.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".