Near-Field Impulse Effects From Detonation of Heterogeneous Explosives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Particle momentum effects from the detonation of a spherical heterogeneous charge consisting of a packed bed of inert particles saturated with a liquid explosive have been investigated experimentally and numerically. When such a charge is detonated, an interesting feature of the subsequent flow field is the interplay between the decaying air blast wave and the rapidly expanding cloud of particles. Using a cantilever gauge, it is found that the particle momentum flux provides the primary contribution of the multiphase flow to the near‐field impulse applied to a nearby small structure. To determine the impulse from the particle momentum flux on the structure, a novel particle streak gauge was developed to measure the rate of particle impacts at various locations. The trends of the experimental results are reproduced using an Eulerian two‐fluid model for the gas‐particle flow and a finite‐element model for the structural response of the cantilever gauge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".