Particle initiated discharges in gas insulated substations by random movement of particles in electromagnetic fields
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metallic particle contamination is one of the areas of insulation design that are considered critical. The management and control of particle contamination are crucial considerations as the industry moves forward to higher voltage GIS and long GITL designs using SF _{6} in some components. Free conducting particles may lower the corona onset and breakdown voltage of a GIS/GITL system considerably. Under an applied electric field a conducting particle acquires a charge and lifts off from its resting position on the conductor when the electromagnetic force from the field becomes equal to the gravity force. Metallic particles move randomly in a horizontally mounted GIS/GITL system due to the electrode surface roughness and particle irregularities. Under 50 Hz AC voltage, the particle can cross the gap at a sufficiently high voltage level. Monte Carlo simulation is carried out on a single phase GIS for determining the motion of free conducting particles in the presence of Electromagnetic field. The results have been presented and analyzed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".