Possible role of natural killer cells in pemphigus vulgaris − preliminary observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease that affects the skin and multiple mucous membranes, and is caused by antibodies to desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3. Natural killer (NK) cells have a role in autoimmunity, but their role in PV is not known. NK cells in the peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of 15 untreated Caucasian patients with active PV were studied and compared with healthy controls for the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and co-stimulatory molecules. CD56+ CD16- CD3- NK or CD56+ CD16+ CD3- NK cells from the PBL of PV patients co-express MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecule B7-H3 without exogenous stimulation. CD4+ T cells from the PBL and perilesional skin of PV patients were co-cultured with CD56+ CD3- NK cells from the PBL of the same patients; in the presence of Dsg3 peptides underwent statistically significant proliferation, indicating that NK cells functioned as antigen-presenting cells. Supernatants from these co-cultures and serum of the same patients with active PV had statistically significantly elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and interferon-gamma, compared with controls indicating that the NK cells stimulated CD4+ T cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines. In these experiments, we present preliminary evidence that NK cells may play a role in the pathobiology of PV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".