Numerical modeling of progressive failure and its implications for spreads in sensitive clays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spreads are a type of large landslide occurring in sensitive clays. Stability analyses using the limit equilibrium method give factors of safety that are too large and are therefore not applicable to this type of landslide. The progressive failure mechanism is believed to explain the initiation and propagation of the failure surface and the dislocation of the soil mass in horsts and grabens, typical of spreads. A numerical method is presented to identify the parameters influencing progressive failure and to validate the application of this mechanism to spreads. The method evaluates the stresses acting in the slope before failure and models the initiation and propagation of the progressive failure. It is demonstrated that high, steep slopes, with a large earth pressure ratio at rest, are more susceptible to progressive failure and the failure surface propagates over a large distance. Failure is more likely to occur when soil with high brittleness is involved. Soil with low strength at large deformation induces failure propagation over a larger distance. Eastern Canadian clays can exhibit high sensitivity and large brittleness during shear and are susceptible to progressive failure, which explains the occurrence of spreads in these soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".