Prestressed CFRP Sheets for Strengthening Concrete Slabs in Fatigue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Six one-way reinforced concrete slabs were constructed and tested to investigate the effectiveness of using prestressed carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets to strengthen concrete slabs subjected to fatigue loading. The slabs were 90mm × 1000mm × 3000mm and reinforced with 11.3mm diameter steel reinforcing bars. The slabs were tested in two groups of three slabs. In each group, one slab was unstrengthened and used as a control, the second slab was strengthened with non-prestressed FRP sheets and the third slab was strengthened with prestressed sheets. For the first group, the loading range for the three slabs was based on the loads that induced in the reinforcing steel of the control slab stresses that ranged between 10 and 95 percent of the steel yield strength. For the second group, the loading range chosen for the three slabs induced steel stresses in its control slab that ranged between 30 and 95 percent of the steel yield strength. Therefore, the first group of slabs was subjected to a higher load amplitude but lower mean stress than the second group. The CFRP strengthened slabs of the second group were externally loaded while applying the CFRP sheets, to represent the sustained load that may be associated with field strengthening conditions. The test results confirmed that strengthening reinforced concrete slabs with bonded CFRP sheets, especially prestressed CFRP sheets, increases fatigue life. Common to strengthening with non-prestressed and prestressed CFRP sheets are that compared to the control slabs, strains in the steel reinforcement, plastic creep strains in the concrete, and deflections are all decreased, with greater decreases in all these observed with prestressed CFRP sheets. Crack widths are greatly reduced when the CFRP sheets are prestressed. Since fatigue failure of the internal steel occurred at the location of large cracks that were repetitively opened and closed, reducing the crack widths contributes to achieving longer fatigue life. Finally, the presence of anchors at the ends of the CFRP sheets can delay the ultimate fatigue failure of CFRP strengthened slabs by delaying sheet debonding failures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".