Bibliographic record
Abstract
The global shortage of registered nursesWe often complain of nursing shortages in developed countries; certainly this has been the case in North America and Europe (Anonymous 2001).However, if we are short of nurses, consider the situation in some parts of Africa and South America where the ratio of nurses per head of population is a magnitude of difference lower.The problem of nursing shortages in some of the less well developed countries is compounded by the fact that even these nurses are not evenly distributed across the country.The nurses tend to work in urban rather than rural areas meaning that 'Rural areas in developed countries tend to be the most under served areas' (p.4).This is a broad summary of a recent report The global shortage of registered nurses: An overview of issues and actions authored by Jim Buchan and Lynn Calman and published by the International Council of Nurses (ICN; 2004).The study was also financed by the Burdett Trust for Nursing and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation.It is not clear at which point a nursing shortage is taking place but, across a range of countries, it is reported that supply of nurses is failing to keep up with demand.Inadequate nursing staff levels lead to poor care outcomes and the situation of this predominantly female profession is adversely influenced by gender discrimination and violence against women in many countries.Three critical challenges are identified in the report as being: the impact of HIV/ AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa; migration of nurses internally and across international boundaries and the need to achieve effective health sector reform and organizational restructuring.The present report is preliminary to a series of seven further papers which will consider some of the issues arising in the report in more detail, such as those challenges identified above.These papers will inform a global summit on workforce development this year.As Buchan and Calman point out, nurses are in the 'front line' for the provision of health care in most health systems.There is ample evidence in the literature for the negative impact of nurse understaffing and there is copious reference to this in the report.Adverse effects include mortality, postoperative complica-
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.020 | 0.022 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".