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Record W1658980772 · doi:10.5821/ctv.7539

Leyes de escala en los espacios urbanos

2009· article· es· W1658980772 on OpenAlexaff
Helena Coch Roura, A. Isalgué, Rafael Serra Florensa

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languagees
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicUrban Transport and Accessibility
Canadian institutionsTransport Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHumanitiesPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Las interrelaciones y la complejidad inherente en los espacios urbanos modernos hacen difícil el análisis y la extracción de conclusiones y acciones a realizar para la mejora de condiciones de vida y la minimización del impacto ambiental. Decisiones planeadas cuidadosamente y líneas de acción establecidas tras larga reflexión pueden producir resultados totalmente inesperados a causa de particularidades, o de complejos conjuntos de reacciones por parte de los residentes o de poderes económicos no incluidos inicialmente, confiriendo gran complejidad al sistema urbano. La complejidad tiende a incrementar con el tamaño, y esto es concomitante con la concentración de servicios en ciudades, y en grandes aglomeraciones. Las necesidades de transporte se vuelven más evidentes con el aumento de tamaño de las concentraciones urbanas. Otros sistemas muy complejos, como los seres vivos, satisfacen relaciones aproximadas entre algunas de las variables macroscópicas que los definen, conocidas como leyes de escala alométricas. En general, estas leyes expresan relaciones entre una magnitud como puede ser la disipación metabólica, o el ritmo cardíaco, y la talla o la masa del organismo. Estas dependencias se han justificado a partir de modelos que establecen la importancia de la optimización del transporte en el sistema. En este trabajo, se exploran algunas de estas relaciones, del tipo las existentes aproximadamente en el mundo animal, con las relaciones que se encuentran entre datos de algunas ciudades modernas. Los resultados muestran una similitud razonable con las relaciones existentes en el mundo animal, lo que debe interpretarse como una aserción de la importancia del transporte en los espacios urbanos. Por otra parte, los resultados pueden entenderse como una guía general en el comportamiento de los sistemas urbanos en el mundo actual, y en este trabajo se extraen algunas conclusiones preliminares en este tema. The interrelations and complexity in the modern urban spaces make difficult to decide on the actions to do to improve living conditions or minimize energy use or reduce environmental impact. Carefully planned decisions might produce unexpected results because of unexpected perturbations, or even because of complex sets of reactions from the residents or economic factors, in a very complex way. Complexity tends to increase with size, in a concomitant way with the concentration of services in cities. The needs of transportation become more evident as the size increases, also in urban agglomerations. It woulb be very desirable to know general rules, or at least tendencies, to have definite guidelines in the decision taking processes referring urban concentrations, but complexity makes this difficult. There are other very complex systems, the living organisms that satisfy approximate relationships between some of their macroscopic magnitudes, known as alometric scaling laws. In general, these laws relate one magnitude as for instance, metabolic dissipation, or heart beating rate, to the size or the mass of the organism. These relationships have been justified as due to the transport phenomena and its optimization. In this work, we explore the applicability of these relations to the modern cities, from the idea that modern cities are very transport-conditioned. The results show a reasonable continuity with the scaling laws that apply in the animal world, a fact that shows the importance of transport in the modern urban spaces, even though some differences appear, showing that the transport is different from what happens inside a living organism. The results might be understood as a guide of the general behavior of cities to be taken into account in urban planning.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.007
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.012
Threshold uncertainty score0.035

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.007
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0050.008
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0040.002
Open science0.0010.003
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0100.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.308
Teacher spread0.297 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2009
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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