Effect of Various Concentrations of Glucose on Bovine Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes Maturation, Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development in Vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Different energy substrates and nutrients can greatly influence oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Effect of glucose on in-vitro oocyte maturation and subsequent early embryonic development is controversial. The objective of the present study was to verify the effect of various concentrations of glucose on cumulus-oocyte complexes maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development using a bovine model. Materials & Methods : Ovaries were collected from the local abattoir and brought into laboratory. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (n=1170) were aspirated from follicles, randomly divided into 4 groups (3 treatment/experimental & 1 control), and cultured in an organ culture dish containing 1 ml maturation medium, in treatment groups, chemically defined medium, supplemented with 1.0, 1.5 or 3.0 mg/ml D-glucose respectively, at 38.5 degrees on the Celsius scales in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air with high humidity for 24 hours. Following maturation, 394 oocytes were fixed randomly for 24h, for maturation rates; and 776 oocytes were inseminated with frozen-thawed bull semen for fertilization rates and early embryonic development, 387 oocytes (presumptive zygotes) fixed randomly for fertilization rates, and 389 oocytes (presumptive zygotes) were cultured for development with similar medium to blastocyst stage (day 8). The samples were examined by streomicroscope and the results were analysed by X 2 test. Results : The oocytes maturation rates were higher (P<0.001) in the medium contained glucose compared to the control group (82%, 79% and 80% vs. 55% respectively). Although fertilization rates of oocytes were not different among groups, (57%, 54% and 50% vs. 49% respectively), the rates of blastocyst formation in the treatment group were significantly higher (p<0.01) than the control (30%, 33% and 32% vs.14%). Conclusion: These results confirm that the presence of glucose, in the maturation medium, is important for oocyte maturation and the subsequent embryonic development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".