The gamma Velorum binary system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we derive stellar parameters for the Wolf-Rayet star in the γ Velorum binary system (WR11), from a detailed non-LTE model of its optical and infrared spectra.Compared to the study of Schaerer et al., the parameters of the WC8 star are revised to a hotter effective temperature (T eff ∼ 57 kK), a higher luminosity (log(L/L ) = 5.00), and a lower mass-loss rate (log( Ṁ / M /yr) = -5.0,using a 10% clumping filling factor).These changes lead to a significant decrease in wind efficiency number, from 144 to 7, so that the driving mechanism of the wind of this WR star may be simply radiation pressure on lines.The derived spectroscopic luminosity is found to be 40% lower than that derived by De Marco & Schmutz through the mass-luminosity relationship for WR stars (log(L/L ) = 5.2).The paper furthermore presents a comparison of the independently-developed modelling programs, cmfgen and isa-wind.Overall, there seems to be very reasonable agreement between the derived parameters for WR11, except for the carbon content, which is 2 times higher for cmfgen (C/He=0.15 vs. 0.06, by number).The comparison also confirms a disparity in the predicted flux at λ<400 Å, found by Crowther et al., which will have effects on several nebular line strengths.The paper also presents the first independent check of the photon loss mechanism proposed by Schmutz.We conclude that, not only is it important to include very many lines to realistically model line blanketing, but in particular those ones that critically interact with strong resonance lines (e.g.He ii λ303.78).The inclusion of these latter lines may significantly alter the wind ionization structure.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory at La Silla, Chile.ESO proposals Nrs.56.D-327, 57.D-517 and 56.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".