Abrupt Climate Changes During the Holocene Across North America From Pollen and Paleolimnological Records
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abrupt Climate C Geophysical Mon Copyright 2011 b 10.1029/2010GM Databases of ecological and cultural records, especially of pollen diagrams, record climate variability of several time scales during the Holocene and late glacial. Results from lake and wetland ecosystems geographically extend the evidence of rapid climate change obtained from ice cores and ocean sediments. Continental and regional climate curves for North America, based on pollen diagrams from the North American Pollen Database, illustrate abrupt changes on the order of every ~1000 years during the past 12 kyr, and major times of change in North American pollen records are coherent with vegetation changes across Europe. Novel analyses of the database show that even taxa that are widespread and with presumably broad climate tolerances were affected by abrupt climate changes such as the Younger Dryas and illustrate the complexity of ecosystem response to these changes. Reconstructions of freshwater as well as terrestrial ecosystems across northern Canada also show how climate variability affects terrestrial and freshwater ecosystem-level properties such as nutrient cycling. These results can be used to reconstruct the spatial patterns of abrupt climate change, as well as the impacts of climate change on ecosystem and cultures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".