RF-Powered Stent With Integrated Circuit Breaker for Safeguarded Wireless Hyperthermia Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a wireless, electrothermally active stent with an integrated temperature limiter toward the application to endohyperthermia treatment of restenosis, a major post-stenting complication. A stent-based resonant circuit serves as a frequency selective wireless heater controlled using a tuned radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic field radiated externally, applying local thermal stress to the stented site to suppress in-stent restenosis. A biocompatible 1.5 × 2 × 0.6-mm3chip of micro circuit breaker with an embedded capacitor is developed and integrated with the stent to establish the resonant circuitry with a series-connected micro breaker. A micromachined shape-memory-alloy cantilever serves as a thermoresponsive switch in the chip that opens/closes the circuit depending on the stent temperature, automatically preventing the stent from overheating in a fully passive manner. Wireless heating tests of the prototypes deployed into artificial artery using commercial balloon catheters demonstrate the designed function of the circuit breaker, regulating the stent temperature within 50 °C-66 °C when excited in air at an output RF power of 320 mW, which heats the device to 78 °C without the breaker. Their performance in physiological saline is also tested and discussed in detail. The experimental results validate the device concept and approach toward enabling reliable and safeguarded hyperthermia treatment through wireless stents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".