Food Culture in Pakistan since 1979-80: Composite vs Split/CULTURE ALIMENTAIRE AU PAKISTAN DEPUIS 1979-80: COMPOSITION VS. PORTION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The paper is about change in food culture in Pakistan. Food availability per capita per annum in Pakistan increased from 298.1 kg in 1979-80 to 414.8 kg in 2007-08 at a rate slower than Population growth (from 85.09 million to 163.8 million over the same period). Food consumption pattern in Pakistan are exception and changing by weight nearly three quarters of the diet is made up of cereals and milk product. The food production (Cereals, Gram, Pulses, Vegetables, Potatoes, and Fruits, Animal product Poultry Product, Sugar and Veg. Ghee) was increased by 52 percent in 1990-2000 over the 1979-90 and by 34.9 percent in 2000-2010 over the nineties. The annual rate of growth in overall food production rose to 3.9, 4.2 and 2.8 per cent in the eighties, nineties and last recent decade against 3.1, 2.4 and 1.9 per cent growth of population in same time period. Food grain production was increased by 32.8 to 29.5 per cent during last thirty years. Key words: Food culture; Composite; Splitv; Food consumption pattern Resume: Le document etudie le changement dans la culture alimentaire au Pakistan. La disponibilite alimentaire par habitant et par an au Pakistan a passee de 298.1 kg en 1979-80 a 414.8 kg en 2007-08 dans un taux plus lent que celui de la croissance demographique (de 85.09 millions a 163.8 millions sur la meme periode). Le modele de la consommation alimentaire au Pakistan est change. Pres de trois quarts de l'alimentation est compose de cereales et de produits laitiers. La production alimentaire (cereales, pois chiches, legumes secs, legumes, pommes de terre, fruits, produits d'origine animale, produit volaille, sucre et beurre) a ete augmentee de 52% en 1990-2000 par rapport a 1979-90 et de 34.9% en 2000-2010 par rapport aux annees quatre-vingt-dix. Le taux annuel de croissance de la production alimentaire globale est de 3.9%, 4.2% et 2.8% dans les annees quatre-vingt, quatre-vingt-dix et la derniere decennie contre un taux de croissance demographique de 3.1%, 2.4% et 1.9% sur la meme periode. La production de cereales alimentaires a augmente de 32, 8% a 29.5% au cours des trente dernieres annees. Mots cles: Culture alimentaire; Composition; Portion; Modele de consommation alimentaire 1. INTRODUCTION Food culture i.e. food consumption and production patterns are the driving forces behind any Economy and play a significant role shaping the sustainability of future economic growth, Mahmood and Walters (1990). This pattern is changing since 1980 's because growth rate of the (GDP) has been averaging 5.6 percent per annum during the decade beginning from 1980-81 further during the last 20 years the average growth rates of the economy has also remained 4.7 percent. Since population has increased by at least 2. 05 percent per annum, from 85. 09 million to 173.5 million between 1980 and 2010 in Pakistan, Khan (2000). To feed this rising population, food production ought to increase proportionately and pattern of change in the production of different items should have been changed against the changes occurred in food consumption pattern, generally the pattern of agricultural diversification shows a shift from crop production to livestock product namely, milk, meat, eggs etc., Husain (2005). There are number of studies analyzing the growth performance of Pakistan agriculture covering different periods, however, very few studies that have actually looked into the sources of growth in food cropped production. I have not come across any such study that decomposed sub-period wise the output growth into the area, yield and interactive effect covering the most recent period, especially the eighties, nineties and recent decade of this century when Pakistan agriculture did experience significant changes Khan (2006). Keeping in view this background, this paper attempts to assess changes in food consumption and Production pattern by analyzing factors responsible for enhancing in production of such items between time periods 1979/80 - 1989-/90-1990/91-1999/2000 and 2000/2001 to 2009/2010 by using data of Household Income and Expenditure Survey 1979, 1987- 88, Pakistan Integrated Household Survey 1998-99, 2001-2002. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".