Effects of Public Expenditure on Industrial Sector Productivity in Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is obvious from literature that for any business entity to experience significant changes in its status, there is need for a well designed and holistic execution of both fiscal and monetary policy in that country. Public expenditure as one of the significant fiscal policy has its own multiplier effect on the organizations within the economic environment. Fiscal policy has both direct and indirect effect on industries. The policy primarily create enabling environment for the industries to perform. Government expenditure has capacity to influence the dynamics of industrial growth through its consequences for the effectiveness of resources allocation and accumulation of productive resources. The rate at which corruption, misallocation of resources and mismanagement of funds are increasing in government circle caused a great concern on whether the public expenditure actually impact positively on industrial sector. It is the concern that necessitated this research to find out the effect of public expenditure on industrial sector productivity in Nigeria. Ordinary least square multiple regression was adopted to carry out analysis on the relationship that exist between public expenditure and industrial sector productivity. In the model adopted, Index of industrial Production (IIP) serves as proxy for industrial productivity, while Total Government Expenditure (GEXP), Government Expenditure on Administration (GADM), Government Expenditure on Economic Services (GESC), and Government Expenditure on Social and Community Services (GSCS) and Government Expenditure on Transfer (GTRS) were proxies for government expenditure. The regression results showed that both government expenditure on administration and government expenditure on economic services have negative relationships with industrial productivity. This implies that when GADM and GECS are increasing, the IIP falls. Also when GSCS and GTRS are increasing, IIP also increases. The impact of each independent variable either negative or positive on industrial productivity is insignificant. This findings revealed the fundamental reasons why Nigerian economy remain underdeveloped, despite the huge amount spend every year for the past 52 years since her political independence. It was found out that all the explanatory variables in the model collectively explained about 86% changes in the behavior of industrial productivity in Nigeria. Generally, the research discovered that the public expenditure process in Nigeria as a whole is marred with mismanagement, misallocation allocation of resources and lack of leadership focus.. In recognizing the present ugly situation of public expenditure process that lack transparency and accountability, it therefore became imperative that only a well-designed public sector accountability reform package targeted at improving the industrial sector performance indicators positively can reverse the relationship between public expenditure and industrial productivity. Despite the fact that the presence of funds is a good instrument to attain industrial productivity, there is need for open and competitive tender arrangements for government contracts; the establishment of a “Due Process” mechanism that vets and eliminates excess “fat” from government contracts; massive anticorruption campaigns involving all public officials and the political appointees; and public sector reforms to reduce, if not completely eliminate, the opportunity for corruption. Key words: Public Expenditure; Industrial Sector; Productivity Resume Il est evident d’a partir de la litterature que pour toute entreprise de connaitre d’importants changements dans son etat, il ya necessite d’une execution bien concus et holistique de la politique a la fois budgetaire et monetaire dans ce pays. Les depenses publiques comme l’un de la politique budgetaire important a son propre effet multiplicateur sur les organisations au sein de l’environnement economique. La politique budgetaire est a la fois un effet direct et indirect sur les industries. La politique d’abord creer un environnement favorable pour les industries a effectuer. Les depenses publiques a une capacite d’influencer la dynamique de la croissance industrielle par le biais de ses consequences pour l’efficacite de l’allocation des ressources et l’accumulation de ressources productives. La vitesse a laquelle la corruption, la mauvaise affectation des ressources et la mauvaise gestion des fonds sont en augmentation dans le cercle du gouvernement cause ag rande preoccupation de savoir si la depense publique fait un impact positif sur le secteur industriel. Il est la preoccupation qui a necessite cette recherche pour savoir l’effet des depenses publiques sur la productivite du secteur industriel au Nigeria. Au moins ordinaire de regression multiple a ete adoptee carre d’effectuer une analyse sur la relation qui existe entre les depenses publiques et de la productivite du secteur industriel. Dans le modele adopte, indice de la production industrielle (IPI) sert de proxy pour la productivite industrielle, tandis que les depenses totales du gouvernement (Gexp), de depenses du gouvernement sur l’administration (GADM), de depenses du gouvernement sur les services economiques (CNGI), et de depenses du gouvernement des questions sociales et Services communautaires (CSS) et des depenses du gouvernement sur le transfert (RTM) ont ete les procurations pour les depenses du gouvernement. Les resultats de la regression a montre que tant les depenses du gouvernement sur l’administration et des depenses du gouvernement sur les services economiques des relations negatives avec la productivite industrielle. Cela signifie que lorsque GADM et GECS sont en augmentation, l’IIP tombe. Aussi, quand AFEDC et RTM sont en augmentation, l’IIP augmente egalement. L’impact de chaque variable independante soit positif ou negatif sur la productivite industrielle est insignifiante. Cette etude a revele les raisons fondamentales pour lesquelles l’economie nigeriane demeurent sous-developpes, en depit de l’enorme quantite depensent chaque annee pour les 52 dernieres annees, depuis son independance politique. Il a ete constate que toutes les variables explicatives dans le modele collectivement explique environ 86% des changements dans le comportement de la productivite industrielle au Nigeria. En regle generale, la recherche a decouvert que le processus des depenses publiques au Nigeria dans son ensemble est gâche avec une allocation mauvaise repartition de mauvaise gestion, des ressources et le manque de mise au point de leadership. En reconnaissant la situation actuelle du processus de laide depenses publiques qui manquent de transparence et de reddition de comptes, il est donc devenu imperatif que seul un systeme bien concu paquet reforme du secteur public qui vise a ameliorer la reddition de comptes des indicateurs de performance du secteur industriel de facon positive peut inverser la relation entre les depenses publiques et de la productivite industrielle. Malgre le fait que la presence de fonds est un bon instrument pour atteindre la productivite industrielle, il ya necessite d’arrangements d’appels d’offres ouverts et competitifs pour les marches publics, la creation d’un «Due Process» mecanisme que les veterinaires et elimine l’exces «gras» de contrats gouvernementaux; massives campagnes anti-corruption impliquant tous les fonctionnaires et les elus politiques et les reformes du secteur public afin de reduire, sinon eliminer completement, la possibilite de corruption. Mots-cles: Depenses publiques; Du secteur industriel ; La productivite
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".