De las Voluntades Anticipadas o Instrucciones Previas a la Planificación Anticipada de las Decisiones
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A partir del año 2000 se ha producido en España un gran desarrollo legislativo sobre los documentos de voluntades anticipadas o instrucciones previas. La experiencia norteamericana, estadounidense sobre todo, en torno a estos documentos es mucho más dilatada, pues comienza en los años 60. Con el objeto de aprender los aciertos y errores detectados en esa experiencia, se revisan algunos de sus hitos más importantes: la evolución en el diseño de los documentos, el impacto de la Ley federal ""Patient Self-Determination Act"" y la influencia del estudio SUPPORT. Además se expone la aparición, a partir de 1995, del nuevo enfoque en la utilización de las voluntades anticipadas denominado ""Planificación Anticipada de las decisiones"", y del impacto que tiene en su desarrollo el auge de la investigación con metodología cualitativa. Finalmente se realizan propuestas para la introducción de la Planificación anticipada en nuestro país. Abstract Since 2000 a great amount of legal norms about advance directives documents has been developed in Spain. In this topic the experience of countries as USA and Canada is much longer, starting in the 60´s. It is important to learn pros and cons about advance directives that North American countries have discovered in this long time. With this objective, we review in this paper the evolution of the living wills documents, the impact of the Patient Self - Determination Act and the influence of the SUPPORT study. In addition we review the Advance Care Planning, the current orientation (since 1995) of the advance directives, and the role of qualitative investigation in its implementation. Finally, the state of the art in Spain and some proposals for the implementation of Advance Care Planning in our country, are outlined. Centro de Trabajo: Nodo de Ética de la Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cuidados a Personas Mayores (RIMARED) Fecha del Trabajo: 15/02/2004 Palabra Clave: Voluntades anticipadas, instrucciones previas, toma de decisiones, consentimiento informado, legislación. Key Words: Living wills, advance directives, advance care planning, durable power of attorney, SUPPORT, Patient Self-Determination Act
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.022 | 0.061 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".