CeO[sub 2]-Enhanced Coke Formation and Metal Dusting of Ni in CO–H[sub 2]–H[sub 2]O
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coke formation and metal dusting behaviors of electroplated Ni + nano - CeO 2 particle coatings were studied in 24.4 % CO – 73.3 % H 2 – 2.3 % H 2 O at 650 ° C . The addition of CeO 2 particles enhanced carbon deposition and pit formation on the Ni surface. The susceptibility of Ni + nano - CeO 2 particle coatings to coke formation and metal dusting generally increased with the increase of CeO 2 particle content in the coatings. Based on the analysis results of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy, it seemed that the enhanced coke formation and metal dusting by CeO 2 was related to the oxidation of Ni at the Ni ∕ CeO 2 interface due to the release of oxygen by CeO 2 and the reaction of CeO 2 with Ni during exposure. The subsequent reduction of resultant NiO to fine Ni particles accelerated carbon deposition and pitting attack.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".