State of the art for enhancing the blast resistance of reinforced concrete columns with fiber-reinforced plastic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protective design has become a chief concern in the design of some bridges and buildings, particularly related to the requirement that such facilities offer protection from accidental or malicious explosions. In this paper, the enhancement of the blast-resistance capability of reinforced concrete columns using FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic) is examined as a key element in upgrading the protective design of existing buildings and bridges. In this paper, the basic behaviors that need to be considered in blast effects analysis of RC columns for vehicle bomb threats are described. The ability of FRP to address these sorts of risks is shown through the analysis and test results presented. Three crucial points are made: (1) FRP offers a remarkable capability to enhance the blast resistance of existing RC columns, (2) assessing the residual capacity of large columns struck by a blast loading involves consideration of the effects of material damage, and (3) physics-based material models are often needed to capture the concrete behaviors engendered by intense blast loads.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".