The Lost Years: Assessing Family Change in St. Petersburg, Russia, between 1983 and 2003
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Considering reports that Stalin-era repression suffocated Russian family life and that the late Soviet rule in the l980's precipitated the "demoralization" of Russian society, observers might expect that the end of Soviet socialism could only strengthen families. As a first step toward piecing together the fate of Russian intimate relationships in this volatile period, respondents (n=l20) from St. Petersburg were asked in the summer of 2003 to rate the quality of five sets of family relationships at the time (2003) and retrospectively at three earlier dates (1998, 1993, 1983). They also named up to three causes of problems within each relationship. Despite difficulties of generalization since the sample of this preliminary study was chosen using a nonprobability quota technique, results indicate a stark perceived deterioration of family relationships between 1983 and 1998 among these respondents, with no apparent recovery thereafter. Furthermore, regression analyses show that the erosion of close-family bonds may be better explained by short-term family stress, while the weakening of extended families may be due more to long-term individualization pressures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".