Iron is not responsible for <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i> bloom formation in phosphorus-poor rivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blooms of the river benthic diatom Didymosphenia geminata are an enigma because they occur under phosphorus-poor conditions. A recent proposal that ferric–ferrous iron redox shifts sequester the additional phosphorus needed to stimulate and sustain D. geminata blooms does not agree with published experimental data showing that blooms only occur when cells are phosphorus-limited. The “iron hypothesis” also infers that blooms would be favoured in rivers with elevated iron, and management should target iron. Surveys of rivers around the world affected by D. geminata show that blooms most often occur in iron-poor rivers. Phosphorus uptake experiments conducted under realistic environmental conditions with living D. geminata colonies showed no effect of iron enrichment on phosphorus uptake. Iron does not solve the mystery of D. geminata growth causing nuisance blooms worldwide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".