Turbulence measurements in the impinging region of a circular jet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This note presents the results of turbulence measurements in the impinging region of a circular jet of diameter d with a Reynolds number of 105 impinging on a smooth wall located at a distance H equal to 18.5d. Even though the impinging region starts approximately at x/H = 0.860 (where x is the distance from the nozzle), the mean velocity profiles were found to be similar for x/H up to about 0.930 when normalized by the local maximum value. The normalized profiles of the turbulent shear stress and normal stresses in the axial, radial, and circumferential directions were also found to be similar. The variation of the scales for these turbulence profiles was found to be gradual for x/H up to about 0.960 and then rapid near the impinging wall. The corresponding length scales also showed a similar type of variation. The measurements also show that turbulence in the impinging jet drops significantly very near the impinging wall.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".