Dietary intake and blood levels of choline in a cohort of Canadian pregnant women and newborn infants (827.9)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The developing fetus has a high demand for choline which must be supplied by the mother. To date, very few studies have examined dietary choline intake during pregnancy and its relationship with biomarkers of choline metabolism. We determined dietary intake of choline in 368 pregnant women using a food frequency questionnaire during early and late pregnancy. We measured plasma free choline and metabolite levels in maternal blood samples at 12‐16 weeks gestation and at delivery and in cord blood. Mean dietary choline intake was 313±135 mg/d and did not change appreciably across gestation. Conversely, mean plasma choline levels significantly increased by 49% (p<0.0001), betaine levels significantly decreased by 22% (p<0.0001) and dimethylglycine levels significantly increased by 16% (p<0.0001) from early to late pregnancy. Mean plasma levels of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) did not change significantly. Maternal dietary choline intake during early pregnancy was only correlated with maternal blood levels of dimethylglycine (r=0.13; p= 0.02) but not with choline, betaine or TMAO levels. Furthermore, maternal plasma choline levels at delivery were not correlated with cord blood choline levels, whereas maternal plasma betaine levels correlated with cord blood betaine levels (r=0.34; p<0.0001). Our data indicate that plasma choline levels significantly increase during pregnancy despite no appreciable change in dietary choline intake and that dietary choline intake does not predict maternal or cord blood levels of choline. Grant Funding Source : Supported by CIHR MOP #106446
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".