HEMODYNAMIC PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ACUTE EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION IN YOUNG ADULTS ACCORDING TO THE FITNESS LEVEL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the impact of acute exposure to air pollution on the hemodynamic parameters and physical fitness components in two groups of healthy men differing in fitness (trained and untrained) and the correlation of parameters between the areas. METHODS: Thirty four healthy college male students of the University of Isfahan (18 low-fitness, mean age 20.44 ± 2.43 years and 16 high-fitness, age 22.19 ± 2.07 years) participated in this study. First, two environments including high and moderate concentrations of ambient air pollution were determined on the basis of the environmental protection agency. Then, all participants performed a Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test (CAFT) to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in sport sciences laboratory. Each participant also performed 2 sub-maximal exercise tests in two environments including polluted. The tests consisted of three phases: phase A, in non-polluted air area (laboratory); phase B, much polluted air area; and phase C, moderate polluted air area. All 3 exercise tests were completed within a 1-week period interval between phases. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal heart rate (MHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and other anthropometric values were measured at end sub-maximal exercise test. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and correlation. RESULTS: At baseline, there were no significant difference between the groups in age, height, weight, diastolic blood pressure (DBP); but body mass index (BMI), body fat, resting heart rate (RHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly lower in subjects with high fitness (F 1,32 = 10.96, P < 0.002, F 1,32 = 13.91, P < 0.001, F 1,32 = 21.29, P < 0.001, F 1,32 = 13.72, P < 0.001, respectively). Although, baseline MHR and VO2max were higher in subjects with high-fitness than in students with low-fitness (F 1,32 = 10.07, P < 0.01, F 1,32 = 74.23, P < 0.001, respectively). For both low-fitness and high-fitness subjects the mean physiological and hemodynamic measurements at baseline and after exercise were significantly associated with concentrations of ambient air pollution category (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although statistical significance was found for a number of hemodynamic parameters and physical fitness components in trained and untrained subjects, we speculate that the very small differences in the physiological responses to exercising in urban regions, which are often in contact with air pollution, are of little practical significance and would not affect the performance. Keywords: Air pollution, VO2max, Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".