Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on formation of transglutaminase-catalysed soy protein hydrogel as a riboflavin vehicle for functional foods
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
High intensity ultrasound (HIU) treated soy protein isolate (SPI) and non-HIU-treated SPI were cross-linked by transglutaminase to form hydrogels. SDS-PAGE showed that HIU increased the amount of high molecular weight aggregates, likely due to the formation of ε-(γ-glutamyl) lysine bonds. Moreover, HIU pretreatment increased the hydrophobic nature of transglutaminase gels as demonstrated by FT-Raman. HIU changed the 3D-network structure of transglutaminase induced SPI gel with riboflavin (TSGR). Furthermore, 40 min HIU increased gel yield, riboflavin encapsulation efficiency and gel strength of TSGR. HIU decreased swelling and protein erosion of TSGR in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. It also resulted in reduced riboflavin release rate and altered the release mechanism in simulated gastrointestinal fluids both in the absence and presence of digestive enzymes. In conclusion, HIU may facilitate covalent cross-linking, increase hydrophobicity and change the 3D network of TSGR, leading to differences in hydrogel stability, as well as riboflavin encapsulation and release profiles.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it