Flower characteristics and visitors of Merremia macrocalyx (Convolvulaceae) in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Merremia macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) O’ Donell (Convolvulaceae) is a common, native herb in open grasslands (Campos Gerais) of northeastern Brazil. At Pai Inácio Mountain, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (12º 27´41”S, 41º 28’ 34”W), we made daily observations from 6:30 a.m. until 5:30 p.m. from 25 April to 29 April, 2003 and on May 31, 2005. The stereomorphic corolla of the weakly scented flowers was 4.04 mm mean diameter, tube depth was 3.12 mm, and the mean diameter of the gullet was 1.17 mm. Anthesis is diurnal, between 06:30 a.m. and 07:45 a.m. and floral longevity varied between 9-10 h. Nectar secretion occurred from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m., and the standing crop of nectar per flower increased from 0.67 ml (7:00 a.m.) to 2.5 ml (09:00 a.m.) then declining. The nectar sugar concentration was low (22%). Bees were the most frequent visitors, and were classified into six morpho-functional categories. Their daily foraging pattern was synchronized with nectar availability, being concentrated between 8:30 and 10:30 a.m. The clumped distribution of the plants, flower size and easily accessible nectar all stimulate visitation, especially by generalist bee species. Eusocial bees (A. mellifera, Geotrigona mombuca and Bombus morio) and the solitary bee Euplusia nigrohirta (Friese, 1899) were the most frequent on the flowers and are the most likely potential pollinators, as suggested by their contact with floral reproductive structures and adhesion of pollen to their bodies.
 Keywords: Merremia macrocalyx, Apoidea, flower biology, pollination, bees.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".