Buprenorphine transdermal system compared with placebo reduces interference in functioning for chronic low back pain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the efficacy of the buprenorphine transdermal system (BTDS) for reducing the interference of pain on physical and emotional functioning associated with chronic low back pain (CLBP). METHODS: A post-hoc analysis used data from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of patients with moderate-to-severe CLBP. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) measured pain interference at screening, following a run-in period, and during the 12-week double-blind treatment phase. Statistical analyses examined treatment arm differences (BTDS vs placebo) for the following: BPI Interference subscale items and subscale scores at the trial end point (week 12); patterns of change in the Interference subscale scores over time; proportions of patients indicating mild or no interference following treatment; and proportions of patients showing improvement (30%, 50%, 2-point, or 4-point change in score from screening to week 12) for each item and subscale. RESULTS: Mean scores for BPI Interference items and Interference subscale were significantly lower (ie, indicated less interference) for BTDS than for placebo (all P < 0.001). Treatment arm differences in Interference subscale scores emerged within 4 weeks of treatment. The BTDS patients were significantly more likely to indicate mild/no interference on 5 of 7 Interference subscale items following treatment (P < 0.05). For most comparisons, BTDS patients were significantly more likely to show criterion-level improvements in Interference item and subscale scores (P < 0.05 for differences). DISCUSSION: Results indicate the efficacy of BTDS treatment, compared with placebo, for reducing the interference of pain on physical and emotional functioning in patients with moderate-to-severe CLBP. The advantage of BTDS was observed within 4 weeks of treatment, and was maintained throughout the 12-week treatment phase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".