CFD Simulation of Boiling Heat Transfer Using OpenFOAM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase flow model has been developed to simulate the boiling heat transfer phenomenon in a pipe flow. The model was implemented in the OpenFOAM source code. The code development process was divided into two sections. In the first step, an adiabatic two-phase flow model which takes into account the effect of interfacial forces was developed. In the second step, the energy equation was activated to account for non-adiabatic conditions. In order to include the boiling effect, several different subroutines which model evaporation and condensation phenomena were attached to the solver. Results of the two-phase adiabatic flow and from the boiling model are compared with available numerical and experimental data. The simulation predictions are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data and show significant improvement relative to previous numerical results, which suggests the validity of the developed model for boiling heat transfer problems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".