Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Chronic radiation enteritis (CRE) is one of the most feared complications of abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy and the treatment of CRE is difficult and often controversial. Recent progress in molecular biology has shed some light on the pathogenesis of CRE, which is characterized by fibrosis. The purpose of this article is to summarize the current state of knowledge of molecular aspects of radiation induced intestinal fibrosis and to discuss potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: A review of the up-to-date published literature involving the possible molecular cascades in radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis and prospective targets for CRE were performed using the Pub-Med search engine. RESULTS: Fibrosis development is correlated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and its downstream effector Smad3, which stimulates fibrogenic downstream mediators, such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Ras homologue (Rho) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway have been shown to play important roles in the development of CRE. The inhibition of these pathways ameliorated radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis in vitro and in animal studies; however, the relationship between the Smad3 and Rho signaling pathways has not been elucidated. CONCLUSIONS: Rho/ROCK and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathways have been shown to play a key role in intestinal fibrogenesis, which might provide with effective possibilities for clinical intervention. Understanding the cooperation between Smad3 and Rho, may therefore be critical to our overall understanding of fibrosis development and maintenance of CRE.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".