Comparative study on the impact of wide base tires and dual tires on the strains occurring within flexible pavements asphalt concrete surface course
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Complex and variable solicitations from climate and traffic greatly impact pavements performance and therefore user’s safety and comfort. As the effect of traffic is related to the strains induced in the pavement structures, this study objective is to determine if changing conventional dual tires to wide base single tires may impact significantly strains in flexible pavements. This paper documents an experimental investigation of strain induced close to the edge of the tire and under the tire. Two pavement structures and two climate conditions have been tested. For each test section, optical fiber strain gauges fixed on asphalt concrete cores are installed within the asphalt concrete pavement layer. This is a retrofit technique that allows measuring strains in the upper and lower part of the asphalt layer. The experiment led to the following observations: wide base single tires cause a 14 to 30% increase of the tensile strains at the bottom of the asphalt concrete layer but cause a 20% decrease of the ten...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".