Translocator protein 2 (TSPO2), a new family of proteins involved in cholesterol redistribution in erythropoiesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Translocator protein (18‐kDa; TSPO) is a highly conserved cholesterol‐ and drug‐binding protein. Analysis of Tspo ‐like sequences from different organisms revealed the presence of evolutionary conserved genes which arose by gene duplications before the divergence of avians and mammals. This new family of genes was named Tspo2 and found to be under strong purifying selection, suggesting that it serves a conserved biological function. The predicted cholesterol‐binding motif at the C‐terminus of TSPO was present in TSPO2, suggesting a role in cholesterol trafficking and/or targeting. In contrast to the mitochondrial TSPO, TSPO2 was found in nuclear and ER membranes. Heterologous expression of TSPO2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated that TSPO2 indeed binds cholesterol with high affinity. However, TSPO2 lost the TSPO drug binding ability. Spatial and temporal distribution of Tspo2 mRNA in the mouse demonstrated its presence in hematopoetic tissues and expression in an erythroid cell type‐specific manner. Overexpression of Tspo2 in erythroid cells resulted in the redistribution of the intracellular free cholesterol which has been linked to the expulsion of the nucleus from erythroblasts leading to erythrocyte maturation. These data suggest that the identified gene expansion in Tspo family supports a specialized function of the TSPO2 in erythropoiesis of endothermic animals, including humans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".