Retinorecipient areas in the diurnal murine rodent <i>Arvicanthis niloticus</i>: A disproportionally large superior colliculus
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) has a high proportion of cone photoreceptors (∼30-40%) compared with that in the common laboratory mouse and rat (∼1-3%) and may prove a preferable murine model with which to study cone-driven information processing in retina and primary visual centers. However, other than regions involved in circadian control, little is known about the retinorecipient structures in this rodent. We undertook a detailed analysis of the retinal projections as revealed after intravitreal injection of the anterograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B. Retinal efferents were evaluated in 45 subcortical structures. Contralateral projections were always dominant. Major contralateral inputs consisted of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), intergeniculate leaflet, ventral geniculate nucleus (magnocellular part), lateroposterior thalamic nucleus, all six pretectal nuclei, superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC), and the main nuclei of the accessory optic system. Terminals from the contralateral eye were also localized in an unnamed field rostromedial to the dLGN as well as in the subgeniculate thalamic nucleus. Ipsilateral inputs were found mainly in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, dLGN, intergeniculate leaflet, internal sector of the magnocellular part of the ventral geniculate nucleus, olivary pretectal nucleus, and SC optic layer. Retinal afferents were not detected in the basal forebrain or the dorsal raphe nucleus. Morphometric measurements revealed that the superficial layers of the SC are disproportionately enlarged relative to other retinorecipient regions and brain size compared with rats and mice. We suggest that this reflects the selective projection of cone-driven retinal ganglion cells to the SC. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1699-1726, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it