Respiratory cooling enhances infrared sensing in the South American rattlesnake, <i>Crotalus durissus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Snakes possess a profound degree of respiratory evaporation, which can impart significant cooling to the face and head. As pit vipers, rattlesnakes also utilize their forward facing facial pit organs for sensing thermal fluctuations associated with their prey. The greater the difference in temperature between the prey and the pit organ, the greater the thermal flux; cooler pit organs may provide greater infrared detection. We examined the potential for respiratory cooling to enhance the rattlesnake's ability to sense their endothermic prey by exposing two group of snakes to different humidities to manipulate the degree of respiratory cooling, while simultaneously assessing their capacity to track and find murine prey. The latency for snakes to find and eat their prey was significantly longer at high than at low humidity, suggesting cooling increases thermal detection. These differences were accompanied by significant respiratory and facial cooling at low humidity compared to high humidity. Upon initial detection of mice, snakes exhibit a dramatic, slow, respiratory cooling associated, further suggesting that respiratory cooling plays a vital role in thermal detection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".