Gender roles and expertise in pest management and cabbage production in Tomohon, Indonesia.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Determination of the relative involvement of men and women in agricultural systems is often critical to the successful implementation of extension services and new pest management technologies. This study emphasizes the importance of including both male and female farmers in future extension services and pest management training activities. Interviews were conducted in three villages in the sub-district of Tomohon, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, to obtain information on pest management practices, levels of pest management knowledge, and gender roles in cabbage production. It was determined that male farmers had a higher participation rate in fieldwork than females; both women and men performed all production tasks, except the solely male task of applying insecticides; women were most active in planting, weeding, and transplanting; levels of biological knowledge about cabbage pests were very high but quality of pest management knowledge was poor; and, no gender-based differences existed in terms of pest management knowledge. The latter finding was contrary to expressed beliefs that men were more knowledgeable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".