Rethinking Globalization as Internationalization of Capital: Implications for Understanding State Restructuring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The globalization and state debate of the last two decades has been dominated by progressive liberal and left-nationalist approaches. Progressive liberals, including social democrats and some Marxists, argue that not only economic, but also political processes have become globalized. In contrast, left-nationalists - with a similar ideological diversification - treat both economic and political processes as primarily national. What is problematic about both camps is the assumption of compatibility between the space of capital accumulation and the space of state action, whether at the global or national level. This makes it impossible to explain the contradictions of international accumulation as reflected within specific social formations, and to develop class-based political alternatives. There is, however, a third alternative: even when economic processes are internationalized, their administration remains primarily a national affair. This alternative can explain the contradictions of state restructuring within specific social formations without falling into the pitfalls of either abstract internationalism or nationalism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.060 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.027 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".