The association of preterm birth with area-level deprivation and individual-level factors in the Vancouver census metropolitan area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evidence suggests area-level socioeconomic inequalities in adverse birth outcomes including preterm birth (PTB), one of the most important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity throughout the life-course. This study analyzed inequality in PTB in live, singleton births in the Vancouver Census Metropolitan Area from 2006 to 2009 by area-level deprivation measures, and assessed the degree to which individual-level variables might indicate pathways through which area-level disparities manifest. Area-level material, but not social, deprivation was associated with higher odds of PTB. The relative odds of PTB by area-level material deprivation and known individual-level risk factors were modelled using hierarchical logistic regression. After adjusting for individual-level factors, the inequality in PTB by material deprivation was attenuated but not eliminated. Individual-level risk factors may, in part, be pathways through which this association manifests. However, future research and discussion should consider the potential interactions between individuals, environments and policies, and their possible effects on perinatal health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".