Glacitectonic Deformation in Sediment and Bedrock, Hat Creek, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A variety of deformation structures attributed to glacial overriding occur in rock and sediment of an intermontane valley at Hat Creek, British Columbia. Sediments exposed in vertical outcrops along Hat Creek, display contrasting styles of deformation involving fluidization, as well as brittle and ductile deformations that appear to have been formed concurrently. Typical structures include: joints, faults, infillings, and clastic dikes comprising; fluid-escape structures, glacigenic injections, as well as fluidal and viscous hydraulic expulsions. A model is presented for the glacitectonic formation of hydraulic expulsions during compression of underlying partially saturated unfrozen sediments. Bedrock exposed in excavations at higher elevations displays joints, faults and wedge fillings possibly associated with subglacial freezing during glacial advance. Orientation of the structures are correlative with directions of glacier flow as inferred from fabric, striae and geomorphology. The structures are believed to have been the product of several interrelated factors, including: glacial dynamics, engineering properties of the glacier bed material, subglacial relief, and the variation between coalescing glaciers. Correlation with directions of glacial movement, association with glacial faciès and infilling by glacial sediments, are conditions considered to be glacigenic signatures useful in differentiation of glacial from nonglacial (e.g. earthquake) origins for similar structures elsewhere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".