The Blackwell guide to the modern philosophers: from Descartes to Nietzsche
Bibliographic record
Abstract
List of Contributors. Preface. 1. RenU Descartes (1596--1650): Gary Hatfield (University of Pennsylvania). 2. Thomas Hobbes (1588--1679): A. P. Martinich (University of Texas at Austin). 3. Benedict de Spinoza (1632--1677): Don Garrett (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). 4. Nicolas Malebranche (1638--1715): Steven Nadler (University of Wisconsin, Madison). 5. G. W. Leibniz (1646--1716): Donald Rutherford (The University of California, San Diego). 6. John Locke (1632--1704): Martha Brandt Bolton (Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey). 7. George Berkeley (1685--1753): George Pappas (Ohio State University). 8. David Hume (1711--1776): David Fate Norton (McGill University). 9. Thomas Reid (1710--1796): Ernest Sosa (Brown University) James Van Cleve (Brown University). 10. Jean--Jacques Rousseau (1712--1788): N. J. H. Dent (University of Birmingham, England). 11. Immanuel Kant (1724--1804): Patricia Kitcher (Columbia University). 12. Jeremy Bentham (1748--1832): Ross Harrison (Kinga s College, Cambridge University). 13. G. W. F. Hegel (1770--1831): Stephen Houlgate (University of Warwick). 14. S?ren Kierkegaard (1813--1855):C. Stephen Evans (Calvin College). 15. Arthur Schopenhauer (1788--1860): Christopher Janaway (Birkbeck College, The University of London). 16. John Stuart Mill (1806--1873): Wendy Donner (Carleton University) Richard Fumerton (University of Iowa). 17. Karl Marx (1818--1883): Terrell Carver (University of Bristol, England). 18. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844--1900): Richard Schacht (University of Illinois, Urbana--Champaign). Select Bibliography. Index.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.090 | 0.061 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".