Conceptualizing Health Care in Rural and Remote Pre-Confederation Newfoundland as Ecosystem
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Historical attention to the broad topic of health care for the island of Newfoundland (that is, excluding Labrador) has focused mainly on the period after \nConfederation with Canada in 1949.1 Even though services for health care delivery formed an important part of discussion leading up to Confederation, knowledge of all pre-Confederation health care activities around the island of rural (mostly coastal) residents is fragmentary. Various historical studies of individuals or organizations and of particular social concerns have given us only partial glimpses of the state of health care before Newfoundland joined Canada: studies of health care practitioners may describe their work in local \ncommunities but overlook the extensive medical and surgical work of the prominent itinerant physician Wilfred Grenfell aboard ship, on the island, and \nin Labrador; 2 studies of public health usually focus on the major urban centre of St. John’s and the legislative or governmental aspects of the subject; 3 studies of nutrition are not contextualized for the whole island or global settings; 4 and studies of single institutions such as the asylum and cottage hospital highlight \norganizational matters.5 Indeed, with respect to the internationally recognized medical mission of Grenfell, we know far more about the man, the homebased “industrial” work, nurses, and organizational affairs than we do about the mission’s delivery of health care to actual patients in Newfoundland communities for the several decades before Confederation. Similarly, as this quick overview indicates, owing to a pervasive view of medicine from the top of society as a matter for the state and state regulation, much (if not most) of the \nliterature about Newfoundland explicitly and implicitly equates health and health care services with public health measures.6 More recent studies of Newfoundland \nbefore 1949 begin to offer new perspectives (as we will show), but they still focus on only one aspect of health care services, such as the practitioners or organizations that delivered health care services. Study of the history \nof medicine for the whole island has yet to be done.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it