Superstrate CuInSe 2 -Printed Solar Cells on In 2 S 3 /TiO 2 /FTO/Glass Plates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CuInSe 2 powders synthesized by ball milling were printed on In 2 S 3 /TiO 2 /FTO/glass substrates, resulting in superstrate solar cells. Although particle structure of CuInSe 2 in the layer remained after heating at 600 °C under N 2 gas, photovoltaic effects were observed; the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density were 0.45 V and 5.6 mA/cm 2 , respectively. The effects of annealing time on the structural, optical and photovoltaic properties of CuInSe 2 were studied by scanning electron micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), t hermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis reflectance absorption spectroscopy. The CuInSe 2 solar cells were printed in air ambient without vacuum processing and without toxic and explosive chemicals (e.g., hydrazine, H 2 Se and H 2 S), which can offer a promising strategy for future research and industrial investigation into cost-effective photovoltaic systems. Key words : Photovoltaic system; Photovoltaic effects; CuInSe 2 solar cells
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".