Revisiting two sympatric European seahorse species: apparent decline in the absence of exploitation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Seahorses are marine fish with several life history characteristics hypothesized to make them resilient but are of conservation concern because of their international trade and habitat loss. Surveys of two unexploited European seahorse species ( Hippocampus guttulatus and Hippocampus hippocampus ) in Ria Formosa lagoon, Portugal, were repeated seven years after their populations in the lagoon were found to be among the densest in the world. Population densities of both species declined significantly between 2001/2002 and 2008/2009 surveys (94% and 73% for H. guttulatus and H. hippocampus respectively). H. guttulatus declines were not associated with any environmental changes measured (i.e. percentage live benthic habitat cover, depth, temperature, water current speed, horizontal visibility). H. hippocampus declined more where current speed had decreased. At the low densities found in 2008/2009, occurrence for both species was best predicted by depth: seahorses were found in deeper locations throughout the lagoon. Other important predictors were temperature for H. guttulatus (found at sites warmer than average) and current speed for H. hippocampus (found in locations with faster currents). The large declines in seahorse densities made it difficult to compare results over time. Presence–absence and abundance modelling at multiple scales can help to ensure that data are comparable even when populations fluctuate drastically. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it