The open ocean energy decay of three recent trans‐Pacific tsunamis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 2009 Samoa ( M w 8.1), 2010 Chile (8.8), and 2011 Tohoku (9.0) earthquakes generated destructive tsunamis recorded by a large number of DART stations in the Pacific Ocean. High‐resolution (15 s) DART records yield mean energy decay times for these events of 17.3, 24.7, and 24.6 h, respectively. We attribute these differences to the frequency content of the tsunamis. Specifically, the Samoa tsunami was a “high‐frequency” event with periods of 2–30 min whereas the Chile and Tohoku tsunamis were “broad‐band” events with periods of 2–180 min. Differences in frequency content are linked to differences in the source parameters: Samoa was a relatively small deep‐water earthquake while Chile and Tohoku were extensive shallow‐water earthquakes. Frequency‐dependent analysis of the Chile and Tohoku tsunamis indicates that shorter period waves attenuate much faster than longer‐period waves (decay times range from 15 h for 2–6 min waves to 29 h for 60–180 min waves).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".