High Temperature Sodium Bismuth Titanate Capacitors – A New Product Realized
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a lead free, high temperature ceramic capacitor material having the base composition of (Na0.5 Bi0.5) TiO3. The goal is to modify this structure to create a material that has the relative permittivity of barium titanate with extended X7R-like properties to 250°C - an X14R. After an extensive compositional and theoretical modeling investigation a composition was selected and capacitors developed. The dielectric has a 1-kHz relative permittivity of ∼1200 with <±15% variation from -25 to +250°C and <5% loss from -55 to +250°C. These capacitors also have very low voltage coefficients, indeed they are positive at the low end of the temperature range, resulting in a combined TC-Vc capacitance variation 0%/-25% of nominal from -55 to +200°C with applied voltage stress from 20 to 260 V/mil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".