Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the first paper of this series we explored the case where a quark-nova ejecta forms a degenerate shell, supported by the star's magnetic field. Herein, we consider the case where the ejecta has sufficient angular momentum to form a torus, and we show that the density and temperature of the torus are such that it will remain degenerate throughout it's lifetime. We go on to discuss the evolution of such a torus and apply it to AXPs, specifically 1E2259+586 and 4U0142+615. As it turns out, using our model we can account for many of the observations of these objects including the quiescent phase luminosity, and blackbody temperatures during both quiescence and bursting. Furthermore, for 1E2259+586 our model explains the steep and slow decay components seen in the burst lightcurve, as well as the rotation period glitches and enhanced spin-down rate. We also estimate the mass of the degenerate torus to be of the order of , and speculate that the observed optical/infrared emission from 4U0142+615 might be a signature of the thin degenerate torus we describe here.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".