Urinary iodine and goiter in preschool children from the Amhara region, Ethiopia (804.23)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iodine deficiency (ID) is highly prevalent in Ethiopia. As part of a salt iodization project, children ( n=688 ) 54‐60 months of age were randomly selected from 26 districts of the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Anthropometry, urinary iodine (UI) and goiter were assessed and the presence of visible goiter in the family was queried between October, 2011‐March, 2012. Children’s nutritional status was categorized using WHO standards. UI was determined using the Sandell‐Kolthoff reaction. Goiter was assessed by palpation following the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD guidelines. Stunting (<‐2HAZ) was 43.2% while underweight (<‐2WAZ) was 29.9 %. The median UI was 11.4 µg/L and varied widely by district (0‐286 µg/L). Individual values ranged from 0‐502 µg/L. Overall, 20.9 % of children had visible goiter and 23 % had palpable goiter, with variation by district in total goiter rate from 5‐79%. Goiter prevalence was significantly higher in children with visible goiter in the family than in children from families without visible goiter. Median UI was higher (p=0.001) in children from families without visible goiter than from families with visible goiter (20 vs. 4.1 µg/L), respectively. Our data illustrate the severity of ID in Amhara region and the need for rapid and complete implementation of salt iodization. The wide variation in goiter prevalence and UI among districts emphasizes the importance of both national and local monitoring programs Grant Funding Source : Funded by Micronutrient Initiative and The German Academic Exchange Service
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".