Bibliographic record
Abstract
International experience of public procurement has become the subject of attention not only theoretical but also practical in this activity because of the need for a professional approach to the implementation of the rules and requirements of the Federal Law of 05.04.2013 № 44-FZ On the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services for state and municipal needs . Among the main objectives of the Federal Law № 44-FZ, it should be noted increase the efficiency and effectiveness of state and municipal needs. Achieving this goal is based on the principles of openness, transparency of information on the contract system in the area of procurement, ensuring competition, professional customers, stimulating innovation, the unity of the contract system in the area of procurement, the responsibility for ensuring the effectiveness of state and municipal needs, the effectiveness of the procurement. The implementation of the above principles requires serious scientific support of the public procurement process in Russia. The paper presents an analysis of the organization of public procurement in Australia, Canada, Switzerland, Ukraine and other countries. International experience of public procurement is of scientific interest and partly revealed in studies Davlyatinoy L., A. Zakharov, A.N. Ladyagina etc. The study of foreign experience is an essential element of the scientific support of public procurement, which has become an urgent scientific challenge. Analysis of procurement in Russia allows you to emphasize the lack of scientific support of this activity as a factor in the inefficient use of budget funds. Of particular relevance to develop scientific and methodological support of public procurement based on international experience gained now in the period of transition to the contract system in the procurement of goods, works and services for state and municipal needs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".