Influenza viruses from wild birds in Newfoundland and Labrador in the context of global influenza dynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The primary hosts for avian influenza A viruses (AIV) are waterfowl and shorebirds, although other groups such as seabirds and gulls also serve as hosts. Newfoundland is an important breeding area for boreal and subarctic birds, and a wintering location for some high-latitude North American, and Eurasian species. I gathered 2873 samples from seabirds, gulls and waterfowl in Newfoundland and Labrador during 2008-2010. The overall detection rate of AIV in these birds was low, but viruses were identified in Common Murre (Uria aalgae), Thick-billed Murre (U. lomvia), American Black Duck (Anas rubrpies), Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), and other unknown gull species. An AIV isolated from a Great Black-backed Gull in 2008 had segments with a mosaic pattern of geographical origins, indicating transatlantic transmission of AIV between Newfoundland and Europe. These findings, as well as analyses of six viruses sequenced from gulls in Alaska and all gull AIV sequences available in public databases, suggest that large gulls may play an important role in AIV dynamics, especially in the context of global movements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".