NPY, CART and CCK identification in winter flounder (pleuronectes americanus) and winter skate (raja ocellata): molecular cloning, tissue distribution and response to season and fasting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In fish, as in all vertebrates, feeding is regulated by complex interactions between brain and peripheral hormonal signals. Brain signals include neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), which induces and decreases food intake, respectively. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peripheral hormone produced by the intestine that inhibits appetite. The winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus (Teleostei) and the winter skate, Raja ocellata (Elasmobranchii) are two bottom-dwelling marine fish species inhabiting the coasts of Newfoundland. Both species undergo seasonal cycles in feeding and growth. Nothing is known about the structure or function of NPY, CART and CCK in these species or about the role that these peptides might have in mediating seasonal feeding patterns. In order to characterize NPY, CART and CCK in winter flounder and winter skate, I have identified cDNAs encoding these hormones in both species using RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Tissue distribution studies using RT-PCR show that all three peptides are expressed in brain and peripheral tissues, including gut. Gene expression quantification using real-time RT-PCR indicates that these peptides might be involved in nutritional and seasonal feeding adaptations in these two species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".